Inductors na yau da kullun, galibi ana amfani da su wajen sauya wutar lantarki ta kwamfuta don tace sigina na tsoma baki na yanayin gama gari. A cikin ƙirar allo, inductor na gama gari shima yana taka rawar EMI tacewa, wanda ake amfani da shi don murkushe hasken waje da fitar da raƙuman ruwa na lantarki waɗanda ke haifar da layukan sigina masu sauri.
A matsayin muhimmin sashi na abubuwan maganadisu, ana amfani da inductor a ko'ina cikin da'irar lantarki. Sashe ne wanda ba makawa musamman a cikin da'irar wutar lantarki. Irin su relays na lantarki a cikin kayan sarrafa masana'antu da mita wutar lantarki (mitocin watt-hour) a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki. Tace a ƙarshen shigarwa da fitarwa na sauya kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki, masu kunnawa a wurin karɓar TV da ƙarshen watsawa, da sauransu duk ba su da bambanci da inductor. Babban ayyukan inductor a cikin da'irori na lantarki sune: ajiyar makamashi, tacewa, shakewa, resonance, da dai sauransu. A cikin da'irar wutar lantarki, tun da na'urorin suna hulɗar da wutar lantarki na manyan igiyoyin ruwa ko high voltages, inductor yawanci "nau'in wutar lantarki" ne.
Daidai saboda inductor ɗin ya bambanta da ƙananan inductor na sarrafa siginar, yanayin yanayin canjin wutar lantarki ya bambanta yayin zane, kuma hanyar ƙirar ita ma tana da nata bukatun, yana haifar da matsalolin ƙira.Inductorsa halin yanzu ana amfani da da'irori na samar da wutar lantarki don tacewa, ajiyar makamashi, canja wurin makamashi, da gyaran abubuwan wuta. Ƙirar inductor ta ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa na ilimi kamar ka'idar lantarki, kayan maganadisu, da dokokin aminci. Masu ƙira suna buƙatar samun cikakkiyar fahimta game da yanayin aiki da buƙatun ma'auni masu alaƙa (kamar halin yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, mita, haɓakar zafin jiki, kayan abu, da sauransu) don yanke shawara. Mafi m zane.
Rarraba inductor:
Za a iya raba inductor zuwa nau'i daban-daban dangane da yanayin aikace-aikacen su, tsarin samfurin, siffar, amfani, da dai sauransu. Yawancin lokaci, ƙirar inductor yana farawa tare da yanayin amfani da aikace-aikace a matsayin farawa. A cikin canza wutar lantarki, inductor za a iya raba zuwa:
Yanayin Al'ada Choke
Gyara Factor Factor - PFC Choke
Inductor mai haɗin haɗin kai (Coupler Choke)
Inductor ma'ajiyar kuzari (Smooth Choke)
Magnetic amplifier nada (MAG AMP Coil)
Nau'in tace inductor na yau da kullun yana buƙatar coils biyu su kasance suna da ƙimar inductance iri ɗaya, impedance iri ɗaya, da sauransu, don haka nau'ikan inductor ɗin suna ɗaukar ƙira mai ƙima, kuma sifofin su galibi sune TROID, UU, ET da sauran siffofi.
Yadda inductors na yau da kullun ke aiki:
Inductor na yanayin gama gari kuma ana kiransa coil mode choke coil (nan gaba ana kiransa inductor na yanayin gama gari ko CM.M.Choke) ko Tacewar Layi.
Nau'in tace inductor na yau da kullun yana buƙatar coils biyu su kasance suna da ƙimar inductance iri ɗaya, impedance iri ɗaya, da sauransu, don haka nau'ikan inductor ɗin suna ɗaukar ƙira mai ƙima, kuma sifofin su galibi sune TROID, UU, ET da sauran siffofi.
Yadda inductors na yau da kullun ke aiki:
Inductor na yanayin gama gari kuma ana kiransa coil mode choke coil (nan gaba ana kiransa inductor na yanayin gama gari ko CM.M.Choke) ko Tacewar Layi.
A cikinsauya wutar lantarki, saboda saurin canje-canje a cikin halin yanzu ko ƙarfin lantarki a cikin diode mai gyara, tace capacitor da inductor, hanyoyin tsangwama na lantarki (amo) ana haifar da su. A lokaci guda, akwai kuma ƙararrakin jituwa masu girma dabam dabam dabam da mitar wutar lantarki a cikin shigar da wutar lantarki. Idan ba a kawar da waɗannan tsangwama ba, Damuwa zai haifar da lalacewar kayan aiki ko wutar lantarki da kanta. Don haka, hukumomin tsaro a ƙasashe da yawa sun fitar da ƙa'idodi game da tsangwama na lantarki (EMI).
ka'idojin kulawa daidai. A halin yanzu, yawan sauyawar kayan wutar lantarki yana ƙara karuwa, kuma EMI yana ƙara tsananta. Don haka, dole ne a shigar da matattarar EMI a cikin sauya kayan wuta. Matatun EMI dole ne su murkushe yanayin al'ada da hayaniyar yanayin gama gari don biyan wasu buƙatu. misali. Fitar yanayin al'ada yana da alhakin tace siginar katsalandan yanayin banbance tsakanin layukan biyu a wurin shigarwa ko ƙarshen fitarwa, kuma matattarar yanayin gama gari ita ce ke da alhakin tace siginar kutsawar yanayin gama gari tsakanin layukan shigarwa biyu. Ana iya raba inductor na ainihi gama gari zuwa iri uku: AC CM.M.CHOKE; DC CM.M.CHOKE da SIGNAL CM.M.CHOKE saboda yanayin aiki daban-daban. Ya kamata a bambanta su lokacin zayyana ko zaɓi. Amma ka'idar aikinta daidai take, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto (1):
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi, saiti biyu na coils tare da saɓanin kwatance suna rauni akan zoben maganadisu iri ɗaya. Dangane da ka'idar bututun karkace ta hannun dama, lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki na yanayi daban-daban tare da kishiyar polarity da girman sigina iri ɗaya zuwa tashoshin shigarwar A da B, Lokacin, akwai i2 na yanzu da aka nuna a cikin tsayayyen layi, da juzu'in maganadisu. Φ2 da aka nuna a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan layi an ƙirƙira shi a cikin jigon maganadisu. Muddin iskar biyun sun yi daidai da daidaito, ɗigon maganadisu a cikin kwatance guda biyu daban-daban a cikin ma'aunin maganadisu suna soke juna. Jimillar motsin maganadisu sifili ne, inductance na nada kusan sifili, kuma babu wani tasiri akan siginar yanayin al'ada. Idan an yi amfani da siginar yanayin gama gari tare da polarity iri ɗaya da girman girman daidai a madaidaicin shigarwar A da B, za a sami i1 na yanzu da aka nuna ta layin dige-dige, kuma za a samar da motsin maganadisu Φ1 da aka nuna ta layin mai digo a cikin maganadisu. core, to Magnetic flux in the core will Suna da shugabanci iri ɗaya kuma suna ƙarfafa juna, ta yadda ƙimar inductance na kowane coil ya ninka na lokacin da yake shi kaɗai, da XL = ωL. Don haka, nada na wannan hanyar iska tana da tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan tsoma bakin yanayi na gama gari.
Ainihin tacewa na EMI yana kunshe da L da C. Lokacin zayyana, yanayin banbance-banbance da da'irori na gama-gari suna haɗuwa (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 2). Don haka, ƙirar dole ne ta dogara da girman capacitor mai tacewa da ƙa'idodin aminci da ake buƙata. Ma'auni suna yanke shawara akan ƙimar inductor.
A cikin adadi, L1, L2, da C1 suna samar da matatun yanayi na al'ada, kuma L3, C2, da C3 suna samar da matatar yanayin gama gari.
Zane na Inductor Common Mode
Kafin zayyana inductor na gama gari, da farko bincika cewa nada dole ne ya bi ka'idodi masu zuwa:
1 > A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, magnetic core ba zai cika ba saboda ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yanzu.
2> Dole ne ya kasance yana da babban isassun cikas don sigina na tsangwama mai tsayi, da wani ƙayyadaddun bandwidth, da ƙaramin maƙarƙashiya ga siginar halin yanzu a mitar aiki.
3>Ma'aunin zafin jiki na inductor ya zama ƙarami, kuma ƙarfin da aka rarraba ya zama ƙarami.
4> juriya na DC ya kamata ya zama ƙarami kamar yadda zai yiwu.
5>Induction inductance ya kamata ya zama babba kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma ƙimar inductance yana buƙatar zama tsayayye.
6 > Rubutun da ke tsakanin iska dole ne ya cika ka'idodin aminci.
Matakan ƙirar inductor na gama gari:
Mataki 0 Samun SPEC: EMI izinin matakin, wurin aikace-aikacen.
Mataki 1 Ƙayyade ƙimar inductance.
Mataki na 2 An ƙaddara ainihin abu da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Mataki na 3 Ƙayyade adadin jujjuyawar iska da diamita na waya.
Mataki na 4 Tabbatarwa
Mataki na 5 Gwaji
Misalai na ƙira
Mataki 0: EMI tace kewaye kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 3
CX = 1.0 Uf Cy = 3300PF EMI matakin: Fcc Class B
Nau'in: Ac Common Mode Choke
Mataki 1: Ƙayyade inductance (L):
Ana iya gani daga zanen kewayawa cewa siginar yanayin gama gari yana danne ta hanyar tace yanayin gama gari wanda ya ƙunshi L3, C2, da C3. A zahiri, L3, C2, da C3 suna samar da da'irori na LC guda biyu, waɗanda ke ɗaukar hayaniyar layin L da N bi da bi. Muddin an ƙayyade mitar da aka yanke na da'irar tacewa kuma an san capacitance C, ana iya samun inductance L ta wannan dabarar.
fo= 1/(2π√LC)L → 1/(2πfo)2C
Yawanci gwajin bandwidth na EMI shine kamar haka:
Tsangwama da aka yi: 150KHZ → 30MHZ (Lura: daidaitaccen VDE 10KHZ - 30M)
Tsangwama na Radiation: 30MHZ 1 GHz
Ainihin tacewa ba zai iya cimma madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin tacewa ba, kuma ana iya saita mitar yankewa a kusan 50KHZ. Anan, zato = 50KHZ, to
L = 1/ (2πfo) 2C = 1/ [(2*3.14*50000)2*3300*10-12] = 3.07mH
L1, L2, da C1 suna samar da matatar yanayi na al'ada (ƙananan wucewa). Matsakaicin iyaka tsakanin layi shine 1.0uF, don haka inductance na yau da kullun shine:
L = 1 / [(2*3.14*50000)2*1*10-6] = 10.14uH
Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya samun ƙimar inductance da ake buƙata a ka'idar. Idan kuna son samun ƙaramin yanke-kashe fo, zaku iya ƙara ƙimar inductance. Mitar yankewa gabaɗaya baya ƙasa da 10KHZ. A ka'ida, mafi girman inductance, mafi kyawun sakamako na EMI, amma haɓakar haɓakawa mai yawa zai sa mitar yankewa ya ragu, kuma ainihin tacewa kawai zai iya cimma wani nau'i na watsa shirye-shiryen, wanda ke sa tasirin tasirin sauti mai girma ya fi muni (gaba ɗaya. Bangaren amo na wutar lantarki mai sauyawa shine kusan 5 ~ 10MHZ, amma akwai lokuta inda ya wuce 10MHZ). Bugu da ƙari, mafi girma da inductance, mafi yawan jujjuyawar iska yana da, ko kuma mafi girma da ui na CORE, wanda zai haifar da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙararrawa (DCR ya zama mafi girma). Yayin da adadin jujjuyawar ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin da aka rarraba shima yana ƙaruwa (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 4), yana barin duk manyan igiyoyin ruwa masu ƙarfi su gudana ta wannan ƙarfin. Maɗaukakin UI mai girma yana sa CORE cikin sauƙi cikakke, kuma yana da matukar wahala da tsada don samarwa.
Mataki 2 Ƙaddara CORE abu da GIRMAN
Daga abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙira na sama, zamu iya sanin cewa inductor na yau da kullun yana buƙatar zama da wahala don daidaitawa, don haka ya zama dole don zaɓar wani abu tare da ƙarancin kusurwar BH. Saboda ana buƙatar ƙimar inductance mafi girma, ƙimar ui na magnetic core shima dole ne ya zama babba, kuma dole ne ya kasance yana da Tare da ƙananan asarar asali da ƙimar Bs mafi girma, Mn-Zn ferrite kayan CORE a halin yanzu shine mafi dacewa kayan CORE wanda ya dace da sama da bukatun.
Babu wasu ƙa'idodi akan COEE SIZE yayin ƙira. A ka'ida, kawai yana buƙatar saduwa da inductance da ake buƙata kuma rage girman girman samfurin da aka ƙera a cikin kewayon asarar ƙarancin mitar da aka yarda.
Sabili da haka, ya kamata a bincika kayan CORE da cirewar SIZE bisa farashi, asarar da aka yarda, sararin shigarwa, da dai sauransu. Ƙimar CORE da aka saba amfani da ita na inductors na yau da kullum yana tsakanin 2000 da 10000. Iron Powder Core kuma yana da ƙananan asarar baƙin ƙarfe, babban Bs da ƙananan ƙananan. Matsakaicin kusurwar BH, amma ui ɗinsa ba shi da ƙarfi, don haka gabaɗaya ba a amfani da shi a cikin inductor na yanayin gama gari, amma irin wannan ainihin ɗayan inductor na yanayin al'ada ne. Abubuwan da aka fi so.
Mataki na 3 Ƙayyade adadin juyawa N da diamita na waya dw
Da farko ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun bayanai na CORE. Misali, a cikin wannan misalin, T18*10*7, A10, AL = 8230±30%, sannan:
N = √L / AL = √(3.07*106) / (8230*70%) = 23 TS
Diamita na waya ya dogara ne akan girman halin yanzu na 3 ~ 5A/mm2. Idan sarari ya ba da damar, za a iya zaɓar yawan adadin yanzu a matsayin ƙasa kaɗan. Ka ɗauka cewa shigar da halin yanzu I i = 1.2A a cikin wannan misalin, ɗauki J = 4 A/mm2
Sai Aw = 1.2/4 = 0.3 mm2 Φ0.70 mm
Dole ne a gwada ainihin inductor na yau da kullum ta hanyar samfurori na ainihi don tabbatar da amincin ƙira, saboda bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin masana'antu kuma zai haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin sigogi na inductor kuma yana tasiri tasirin tacewa. Misali, karuwa a cikin karfin da aka rarraba zai haifar da amo mai girma. Sauƙi don watsawa. Ƙimar asymmetry na iska biyu yana haifar da bambanci a cikin inductance tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu mafi girma, yana samar da wani abin ƙyama ga siginar yanayin al'ada.
Takaita
1 >Aikin inductor na gama gari shine tace sautin yanayin gama gari a cikin layi. Ƙirar tana buƙatar cewa iska guda biyu suna da tsari mai ma'ana gaba ɗaya da sigogin lantarki iri ɗaya.
2 > Ƙarfin da aka rarraba na inductor na yanayin gama gari yana da mummunan tasiri akan murkushe ƙararrawa mai girma kuma ya kamata a rage shi.
3>Ƙimar inductance na inductor na yanayin gama gari yana da alaƙa da rukunin mitar amo da ake buƙatar tacewa da ƙarfin da ya dace. Ƙimar inductance yawanci tsakanin 2mH ~ 50mH.
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