Jirgin kasa na Maglev mai saurin gudu da ke aiki a Shanghai jirgin kasan TR08 maglev ne da aka shigo da shi daga Jamus, wanda ke amfani da injin linzamin kwamfuta mai tsayi mai tsayi da kuma tsarin levitation na yau da kullun. Ana nuna tsarin samar da wutar lantarkin nasa a hoto na 1, kuma ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa kamar na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi (110kv/20kv), na'ura mai ba da wutar lantarki, mai jujjuyawar shigarwa, inverter, da na'urar fitarwa.
Ana canza tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na jirgin maglev daga grid grid 110kv zuwa 20kv ta hanyar babban wutar lantarki, sannan kuma a canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki na DC na ± 2500v ta hanyar na'urar shigar da bayanai da mai sauya shigarwa. Wutar wutar lantarki ta DC daga hanyar haɗin DC tana jujjuya zuwa ƙarfin AC mai kashi uku tare da mitar mai canzawa (0 ~ 300Hz), amplitude mai canzawa (0~ × 4.3kv), da kusurwar lokaci mai daidaitawa (0 ~ 360°) ta mataki uku-uku. - mai inverter.Mai jujjuyawar jirgin maglev yana da yanayin aiki guda biyu:
(1) Yanayin fitarwa kai tsaye na inverter bugun jini nisa daidaitawa shine yanayin fitarwa lokacin da motar ke aiki a ƙananan mitar, tare da mitar sauyawa na 0 ~ 70Hz. A wannan lokacin, ana haɗa nau'i biyu na inverters mai maki uku a layi daya, kuma ana haɗa kayan aikin ta hanyar iskar farko ta na'urar fitarwa kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 1. A wannan lokacin, babban iskar wutar lantarki na farko yana daidai da a layi daya daidaita reactor, kuma yana taka rawar tacewa.
(2) Yanayin fitarwa na Transformer shine yanayin fitarwa lokacin da motar ke aiki a babban mita, tare da mitar sauyawa na 30Hz ~ 300Hz. A wannan lokacin, saitin inverters guda biyu a cikin babban na'ura mai jujjuyawa suna haɗa su a jere zuwa ɓangaren farko na na'urar ta atomatik, kuma abin da ake fitarwa yana fitowa ne bayan na'urar wutar lantarki ta haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki.
Farashin EFD EI transformer Farashin PQ
3.1 Mai sauya shigarwa
Matakin gaba na mai jujjuyawar shigarwa ya ƙunshi na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi da na'ura mai canzawa. Na'urar shigar da wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi na'ura mai daidaitawa guda biyu, waɗanda aikinsu shine rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ta hanyar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa sannan a tura shi zuwa na'ura mai canzawa. Don masu gyara na'urorin gyaran wuta masu girma masu girma, don inganta aikin gyaran, ana amfani da gadoji na gyaran gyare-gyare na 6-pulse guda biyu. Kowane saitin na'ura mai gyara na'ura yana aiki da nau'i biyu na iska mai hawa uku, junction y daya da junction d daya. Tsarin jujjuyawar tsaye yana ɗaukar tsari na na'urori masu canzawa guda uku masu ɗaukar iska guda uku, waɗanda aka haɗa su don samar da tsarin y/y, d rukuni na gyara na'ura wanda aka nuna a hoto na 2 ta hanyar haɗin da aka tsara na kowane iska. Babban fa'idojinsa sune:
(1) Ƙananan iya aiki, mafi tattalin arziki;
(2) Ƙananan ƙarfin guda ɗaya, sauƙi don saduwa da bukatun sufuri don girman na'urar;
(3) Ana iya shirya iska guda uku a kan ginshiƙi guda ɗaya, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage asarar jituwa na na'urar.
Domin sarrafa wutar lantarki ta hanyar haɗin DC na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin da kuma rage tashin hankali na gefen grid, kowane mai gyara tsarin yana kunshe da gada mai daidaitawa mai tsari guda shida mai tsari uku da kuma gada mai gyaran fuska guda shida mara sarrafa lokaci uku. a cikin jeri, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2. Ta wannan hanyar, ana haɗa nau'ikan gyare-gyare guda biyu a jere, kuma tsakiyar tsakiya yana ƙasa ta hanyar tsayin daka (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1), yana samar da hanyar haɗin DC na tsaka-tsaki mai yiwuwa uku. . Ana iya sarrafa wutar lantarki ta hanyar haɗin DC, kama daga 2 × 1500V zuwa 2 × 2500V, kuma ƙimar halin yanzu shine 3200A. Domin samun santsi na halin yanzu na DC, ana haɗe reactor mai santsi a jere a cikin tsaka-tsaki. A lokaci guda, don hana gada mai gyara da kuma hanyar haɗin DC daga wuce gona da iri, ana ɗaukar kariya ta gefen DC. A tsakiyar da'irar hanyar haɗin DC, akwai thyristors da masu tsayayya masu ƙarfi tare da kariyar fitarwa azaman na'urorin sha na gefen DC don murkushe wuce gona da iri. Bugu da ƙari, tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin hanyar haɗin DC na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin yana da tushe ta hanyar kariya mai tsayi kuma yana da alamar kuskuren ƙasa.
3.2 Mai jujjuyawar gogayya
(1) Tsarin inverter
An nuna tsarin tsarin lokaci ɗaya a cikin injin inverter mai hawa uku na jirgin ƙasa na Shanghai Maglev a hoto na 3. Babban bututu yana ɗaukar na'urar GTO mai cikakken iko. Babban kewayawa yana ɗaukar manyan bututu guda biyu a jere tare da diode mai ɗaurewa a tsakiyar wuri. Ana kuma kiran wannan da'irar mai inverter mai maki uku (ko madaidaicin matakin matakin uku). Wannan na iya rage babban bututu jure ƙarfin lantarki da rabi. A lokaci guda kuma, a ƙarƙashin yanayin sauyawa guda ɗaya da yanayin sarrafawa, daidaitawar ƙarfin fitarwa ko halin yanzu bai kai na matakan biyu ba, kuma yanayin gama-gari wanda ƙarfin fitarwa a ƙarshen injin shima ya ragu. , wanda ke da amfani don tsawaita rayuwar sabis na motar.
Manyan bututu guda huɗu na kowane hannun gada na zamani suna da haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe daban-daban guda uku, kuma suna fitar da ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban bi da bi (duba Table 1). Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na babban GTO shine 4.5kV, kuma mafi girman halin yanzu shine 4.3ka. Mai juyawa mai maki uku yana buƙatar cewa ba za a iya kunna babban V1 da V4 a lokaci ɗaya ba, kuma nau'ikan sarrafa nau'ikan V1 da V3, V2 da V4 suna gaba da juna. Bugu da kari, babban juzu'i na kan-kashe dole ne ya bi ka'idar kashewa ta farko sannan a kunna.
An haɓaka injin inverter mai matakai uku bisa tushen inverter mai mataki biyu. Gabatar da balagaggen fasaha na sarrafa inverter na matakan biyu zuwa cikin inverter mai matakai uku ya samar da dabarun sarrafa inverter iri-iri. A halin yanzu, mafi balagagge dabarun sarrafa amfani da uku-mataki inverters su ne: guda bugun jini Hanyar sarrafa bugun jini, babba da ƙananan dual modulation kalaman SPWM iko Hanyar, 120 ° conduction PWM iko Hanyar, 90 ° lokaci staggered PWM iko Hanyar, tsaka tsaki m sabawa. Hanyar sarrafawa ta PWM, canza mitar mafi kyawun hanyar sarrafa PWM, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin kawar da jituwa (SHEPWM), Hanyar sarrafa wutar lantarki mai matakin hawa uku (SVPWM) da kuma yuwuwar yuwuwar karkatar da yanayin jujjuyawar hanyar sarrafa wutar lantarki ta sararin samaniya [2,3 ].
(2) GTO drive kewaye
Babban iko na GTO tuƙi dole ne ya fara magance matsalolin keɓewa da tsangwama. Siginar bugun bugun jini na GTO a cikin babban juzu'in inverter na Shanghai Maglev Train ana watsa shi ta hanyar kebul na fiber na gani, don haka ana magance matsalolin keɓewa da tsangwama, ta haka ne ke tabbatar da daidaiton bugun bugun GTO da kuma a kaikaice tabbatar da amincin tuki na Maglev. Jirgin kasa. Bugu da kari, mabuɗin ko na'ura mai ƙarfi ta GTO na iya aiki kullum yana cikin wutar lantarki. Girman bugun bugun ƙofa na GTO ya kamata ya yi tsayi sosai, kuma babban gefensa yakamata ya zama m, yayin da gefen sa ya zama mai laushi. Don saduwa da wannan buƙatun, wadatar wutar lantarki ta ƙofa na GTO a cikin babban injin inverter na Maglev Train shine 45V/27A, kuma siginar gefen gefe da siginar wutar lantarki na GTO jawo bugun jini ana mayar da shi zuwa tsarin sarrafawa. Bugu da kari, babban injin jujjuyawar jirgin kasa na Shanghai Maglev Train yana daukar kariya iri-iri: kariyar wuce gona da iri na na'ura mai karya birki, iyakacin kariyar wuce gona da iri, katsewar bugun jini da gano kuskuren kasa.
(3) Da'irar sha
Akwai da'irori masu yawa na GTO. An nuna da'irar sha na babban inverter mai matakai uku na jirgin kasa na Shanghai Maglev a cikin hoto na 3. Dole ne a tabbatar da cewa di/dt da du/dt na GTO ba su wuce ƙayyadaddun ƙimar da aka yarda ba lokacin da ya kasance. aiki. Ta wannan hanyar, da'irar sha na GTO dole ne ta sami inductor da capacitor C. A cikin hoto na 3, an haɗa inductor L1, L2 da GTO a jere don iyakance di/dt na GTO. Diodes D11, D12, resistor R1 da inductor L1 sun samar da da'irar sakin makamashi na inductor da kanta. Ana amfani da capacitors C11 da C12 don iyakance du/dt na GTO, kuma diodes D12 da D13 suna samar da da'irar sakin makamashi na capacitor. Idan aka kwatanta da da'irar shayarwar RCD, da'irar da ke sama tana ƙara babban capacitor C12, don haka kashewa capacitor capacitor C11 shine rabin ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfin da'ira na RCD, don haka asarar kuma ta ragu da rabi; a lokaci guda, capacitor C12 yana taka rawar danne irin ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ake amfani da shi don murkushe kashe wutar lantarki na GTO. Don inverter 1500kva, asarar wannan da'irar sha kusan iri ɗaya ce da ta da'irar ɗaukar asymmetric.
ER Type Transformer Nau'in wutan lantarki 5V-36V Ferrite Core Transformer
4 Kammalawa
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na jirgin kasa mai sauri Maglev na Shanghai yana da halaye masu zuwa:
(1) Yana ɗaukar motar linzamin kwamfuta mai sauri mai sauri. Dukkan tsarin samar da wutar lantarki an sanya shi a ƙasa kuma ba'a iyakance shi da sararin samaniyar abin hawa ba, wanda ya dace da mafi kyawun hanyar samar da wutar lantarki mai matakai uku;
(2) Yana ɗaukar madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin fasaha mai canza matakan matakai uku wanda ya dace da babban ƙarfin lantarki da lokatai masu ƙarfi, yana guje wa haɗin kai tsaye na GTO thyristors, ta yadda za a iya amfani da ƙarfin manyan na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi;
(3) Ana amfani da nau'i biyu na gadoji masu daidaitawa na 12-pulse mai daidaitawa a cikin mai canza shigarwa, wanda ba kawai yana rage jituwa da tsangwama ba, amma kuma yana hana karkatar da yiwuwar tsaka-tsaki;
(4) Thyristors da GTOs suna amfani da igiyoyin fiber na gani don watsa siginar bugun jini, wanda ke da babban aikin hana tsangwama. Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da tsarin sarrafa motsi yana ɗaya daga cikin maɓallan sarrafa amintaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali na jiragen kasan maglev. Ka'idarsa da tsarinta suna buƙatar ƙarin bincike da bincike.
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William (General Manager Sales)
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Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-30-2024