(A) Ka'idar abun da ke ciki na wutar lantarki mai sauyawa
1.1 Da'irar shigarwa
Da'irar tacewa ta layi, da'irar matsi na yanzu, da'irar gyarawa.
Aiki: Canza hanyar shigar da grid AC wutar lantarki zuwa shigar da wutar lantarki ta DC na wutar lantarki mai sauyawa wanda ya cika buƙatu.
1.1.1 Zauren tacewa na layi
Murkushe masu jituwa da surutu
1.1.2 Zazzagewar tacewa
Mashe ƙarfin halin yanzu daga grid
1.1.3 Rectifier kewaye
Tukar AC ke DC
Akwai nau'i biyu: nau'in shigar da capacitor da nau'in shigar da coil coil. Yawancin kayan wutar lantarki masu sauyawa sune na farko
1.2 Juyin Juya
Ya ƙunshi juyawa kewaye, keɓewar fitarwa (mai canzawa) kewaye, da sauransu. Ita ce babban tashar donsauya wutar lantarkijuyi, kuma ya kammala ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa da fitarwa na siginar wutar lantarki tare da ƙarfi.
Tushen wutar lantarki a wannan matakin shine ainihin na'urar sa.
1.2.1 Canja wurin kewayawa
Yanayin tuƙi: jin daɗin kai, jin daɗi na waje
Da'irar juzu'i: keɓewa, ba ware, resonant
Na'urorin wuta: Mafi yawan amfani da su sune GTR, MOSFET, IGBT
Yanayin daidaitawa: PWM, PFM, da matasan. PWM shine mafi yawan amfani.
1.2.2 fitarwa fitarwa
Rarraba cikin shaft-free da shaft-da. Ba a buƙatar buƙatu don gyaran rabin igiyar igiyar ruwa da gyare-gyare na yanzu-biyu. Ana buƙatar shaft don cikakken igiyar ruwa.
1.3 Gudanar da kewaye
Samar da juzu'i masu gyare-gyaren rectangular zuwa da'irar tuƙi don daidaita ƙarfin fitarwa.
Da'irar Magana: Samar da bayanin wutar lantarki. Kamar layi daya tunani LM358, AD589, jerin tunani AD581, REF192, da dai sauransu.
Da'irar Samfura: Ɗauki duka ko ɓangaren ƙarfin fitarwa.
Ƙwaƙwalwar kwatance: Kwatanta siginar samfur tare da siginar tunani don samar da siginar kuskure don sarrafa da'irar wutar lantarki ta PM.
Juyawa V/F: Maida siginar wutar lantarki kuskure zuwa siginar mitar.
Oscillator: Ƙirƙirar igiyar girgiza mai tsayi mai tsayi
Da'irar tuƙi ta tushe: Mayar da siginar oscillation ɗin da aka daidaita zuwa siginar sarrafawa mai dacewa don fitar da tushe na bututun sauyawa.
1.4 Fitowar da'ira
Gyaran jiki da tacewa
Gyara wutar lantarki mai fitarwa zuwa cikin jujjuyawar DC kuma santsi da shi zuwa ƙananan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC. Fasahar gyara abubuwan da aka fitar yanzu tana da rabin igiyar igiyar ruwa, cikakken igiyar ruwa, madaurin iko, sau biyu na yanzu, daidaitawa da sauran hanyoyin gyarawa.
(B) Nazari na daban-daban kayan wutan lantarki
2.1 Buck Converter
Buck circuit: Buck chopper, shigarwa da polarity fitarwa iri ɗaya ne.
Tun da samfurin volt-biyu na cajin inductor da fitarwa daidai yake a cikin tsayayyen yanayi, ƙarfin shigarwar Ui, ƙarfin fitarwa Uo; saboda haka:
(Ui-Uo) ton = Uotoff
Uiton-Uoton = Uo * toff
Ui*ton=Uo(ton+toff)
Uo/Ui=ton/(ton+toff)=▲
Wato alakar shigar da wutar lantarki da fitarwa ita ce:
Uo/Ui=▲ (zagayowar aiki)
Buck kewaye topology
Lokacin da aka kunna mai kunnawa, ana tace ikon shigarwa ta hanyar L inductor da capacitor C don samar da halin yanzu zuwa ƙarshen kaya; lokacin da aka kashe mai kunnawa, L inductor yana ci gaba da gudana ta diode don ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyi a halin yanzu. Wutar lantarkin fitarwa ba zai wuce ƙarfin shigar da wutar lantarki ba saboda zagayowar aiki.
2.2 Boost Converter
Da'irar haɓakawa: haɓaka chopper, shigarwa da polarity na fitarwa iri ɗaya ne.
Yin amfani da wannan hanyar, bisa ga ka'idar cewa caji da fitar da samfurin volt-biyu na inductor L daidai yake a cikin kwanciyar hankali, ana iya samun dangantakar wutar lantarki: Uo/Ui=1/(1-▲）)
Haɓaka yanayin da'ira
An haɗa bututun sauya Q1 da nauyin wannan kewaye a layi daya. Lokacin da aka kunna bututun canzawa, na yanzu yana wucewa ta inductor L1 don daidaita igiyoyin, kuma wutar lantarki tana cajin inductor L1. Lokacin da aka kashe bututun sauyawa, inductor L yana fitarwa zuwa kaya da wutar lantarki, kuma ƙarfin fitarwa zai zama ƙarfin shigar da Ui + UL, don haka yana da tasirin haɓakawa.
2.3 Flyback Converter
Buck-Boost Circuit: Boost/Buck Chopper, shigarwa da polarity na fitarwa sun saba, kuma ana watsa inductor.
Alakar wutar lantarki: Uo/Ui=-▲/(1-▲）)
Buck-Boost Circuit Topology
Lokacin da S ke kunne, wutar lantarki tana cajin inductor kawai. Lokacin da S ya kashe, ana sauke wutar lantarki zuwa kaya ta hanyar inductor don cimma nasarar watsa wutar lantarki.
Don haka, inductor L anan shine na'urar watsa makamashi.
(C) Filayen aikace-aikace
Da'irar samar da wutar lantarki tana da fa'idodi na babban inganci, ƙananan girman, nauyi mai haske, da ƙarfin ƙarfin fitarwa, don haka ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin sadarwa, kwamfutoci, sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, kayan aikin gida da sauran fannoni. Misali, a fagen na’ura mai kwakwalwa, wutar lantarkin da ke sauyawa ta zama babbar hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta kwamfuta, wacce za ta iya tabbatar da tsayayyen aikin na’urar kwamfuta; a fagen sabbin makamashi, wutar lantarkin da ke canza wutar lantarki kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin na'urar da za ta iya jujjuya makamashi a tsaye.
A taƙaice, da'irar wutar lantarki mai sauyawa ita ce ingantacciyar da'irar canjin wutar lantarki. Ƙa'idar aiki ta musamman shine don canza shigar da makamashin lantarki zuwa ingantaccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC ta hanyar jujjuyawar juzu'i mai yawa da tacewa.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-10-2024