Ƙa'idar aiki na sauya wutar lantarki + nazarin zane-zane

1. Bayanin Canjawar Wutar Lantarki

Canja wutar lantarkina'ura ce mai girman mitar wutar lantarki, wanda kuma aka sani da sauya wutar lantarki ko mai canzawa. Yana jujjuya ƙarfin shigar da wutar lantarki zuwa siginar bugun jini mai ƙarfi ta hanyar bututu mai saurin canzawa, sannan yana canza ƙarfin lantarki daga wannan nau'i zuwa wani ta hanyar sarrafa na'urar.transformer, rectifier da'ira da tacewa da'ira, kuma a karshe samu barga low ripple DC ƙarfin lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki.

Canja wutar lantarki yana da fa'idodi na babban inganci, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, ƙaramin girman, nauyi mai nauyi, babban aminci, kuma ana iya daidaita shi da buƙatun wutar lantarki na kayan aiki daban-daban.

An yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai sauyawa a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, sadarwa da sabon makamashi. A fagen sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, sauya wutar lantarki yana ba da goyan bayan wutar lantarki ga na'urori daban-daban don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali na kayan aikin.

A fagen sadarwa, ana amfani da wutar lantarki mai sauyawa a cikin tashar tashar mara waya, kayan aikin sadarwa, da dai sauransu, don tabbatar da daidaiton watsa siginar tsarin sadarwa da inganta ingancin sadarwa. A fagen sabon makamashi, sauya wutar lantarki na taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin makamashin hasken rana da iska, wanda ke taimakawa ingantaccen amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa.

Canja wutar lantarki ya ƙunshi kusan manyan abubuwa huɗu: da'irar shigarwa, mai canzawa, da'irar sarrafawa, da kewayen fitarwa. Abubuwan da ke biyowa shine tsarin tsarin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na yau da kullun, sarrafa yana da mahimmanci a gare mu mu fahimci canjin wutar lantarki.

2. Rarraba kayan wutan lantarki

Ana iya rarraba kayan wutar lantarki mai sauyawa bisa ga ma'auni daban-daban. Wadannan hanyoyi ne na gama gari da yawa:

1. Rarraba ta nau'in wutar lantarki:
AC-DC mai sauya wutar lantarki: yana canza wutar AC zuwa wutar DC.
Wutar wutar lantarki ta DC-DC: tana canza wutar DC zuwa wani irin ƙarfin lantarki na DC.

2. Rarraba ta yanayin aiki:
Samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarewa guda ɗaya: yana da bututu mai canzawa guda ɗaya, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen ƙananan ƙarfi.
Samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarewa mai ƙarewa: yana da bututun sauyawa guda biyu, masu dacewa da aikace-aikace masu ƙarfi.

3. Rabewa ta hanyar topology:
Dangane da topology, ana iya raba shi kusan zuwa Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Flyback, Forward, Transistor Forward, Push-Pull, Half Bridge, Full Bridge, da dai sauransu. Waɗannan hanyoyin rarrabuwa ba wani ɓangare ne kawai na su. Hakanan ana iya rarraba kayan wutar lantarki dalla-dalla bisa ga takamaiman buƙatu da aikace-aikace.

Na gaba, za mu gabatar da Flyback da Forward da aka saba amfani da su. Gaba da tashi baya fasahohin samar da wutar lantarki ne daban-daban guda biyu. Tushen wutar lantarki na gaba yana nufin wutar lantarki mai sauyawa wanda ke amfani da na'urar canzawa mai tsayi mai tsayi don ware makamashin da aka haɗe, kuma madaidaicin wutar lantarki mai jujjuyawar gardama shine mai sauya wutar lantarki.

2.1 Gabatarwar wutar lantarki

Canjin wutar lantarki na gaba a cikin tsarin ya fi rikitarwa, amma ƙarfin fitarwa yana da girma sosai, wanda ya dace da wutar lantarki na 100W-300W, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya a cikin ƙarancin wutar lantarki, babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yanzu, ana amfani da shi sosai.

Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, don isar da wutar lantarki ta gaba musamman lokacin da aka kunna bututun, injin fitarwa yana aiki azaman matsakaici kai tsaye haɗe da makamashin filin maganadisu, ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin maganadisu suna canzawa zuwa juna, ta yadda shigar da fitarwa a lokaci guda.

Har ila yau, akwai gazawa a cikin aikace-aikacen yau da kullun: kamar buƙatar ƙara ƙarfin juzu'i mai ƙarfi (don hana na'urar wutar lantarki ta farko da aka samar ta hanyar juzu'i zuwa rushewar bututu), inductor na biyu fiye da ɗaya don tacewa makamashi, don haka idan aka kwatanta da na'urar sauya wutar lantarki ta flyback, farashinsa ya fi girma, kuma ƙarar canjin wutar lantarki ta gaba fiye da ƙarar na'urar sauya wutar lantarki ta flyback ya fi girma.

Tushen wutar lantarki na gaba

2.2 Flyback sauya wutar lantarki

Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, samar da wutar lantarki ta tashi baya tana nufin wutar lantarki mai sauyawa wacce ke amfani da na'urar taswira mai tsayi mai tsayi don keɓance hanyoyin shigarwa da fitarwa. Transformer dinsa ba wai kawai yana taka rawar canza wutar lantarki don watsa makamashi ba, har ma yana taka rawar inductor adana makamashi. Saboda haka, na'urar watsa shirye-shirye ta flyback yayi kama da ƙirar inductor. Duk da'irori suna da sauƙi da sauƙi don sarrafawa. Ana amfani da Flyback sosai a aikace-aikacen ƙananan ƙarfi na 5W-100W.

Don isar da wutar lantarki ta tashi baya, lokacin da aka kunna bututun mai sauyawa, na yanzu na inductor na farko na taransfoma yana tashi. Tun da abin da ake fitarwa na da'irar flyback yana da kishiyantar ƙarewa, ana kashe diode ɗin fitarwa, injin na'urar tana adana makamashi, kuma ana ba da kaya da kuzari ta wurin ƙarfin fitarwa. Lokacin da aka kashe bututun mai kunnawa, ƙarfin inductive na inductor na farko na na'urar yana juyawa. A wannan lokacin, diode na fitarwa yana kunna, kuma ana ba da makamashin na'urar ta hanyar diode, yayin cajin capacitor.

Flyback sauya wutar lantarki

Daga kwatankwacin, ana iya ganin cewa na'urar na'urar ta atomatik tana da aikin taransifoma ne kawai, kuma ana iya ɗaukar gaba ɗaya a matsayin da'irar buck tare da taransifoma. Ana iya ɗaukar tafsirin Flyback a matsayin inductor tare da aikin taswira, shine da'irar haɓaka buck-buck. Gabaɗaya, ƙa'idodin aiki na gaba ya bambanta, gaba shine aikin farko na aikin sakandare, na biyu baya aiki tare da inductor na yanzu don sabunta halin yanzu, gabaɗaya yanayin CCM.

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki gabaɗaya ba shi da girma, kuma shigarwa da fitarwa da sake zagayowar ayyuka suna daidaita. Flyback shine aikin farko, na sakandare ba ya aiki, bangarorin biyu da kansu, gabaɗaya yanayin DCM, amma inductance na injin ɗin zai zama ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, da buƙatar ƙara ƙarancin iska, don haka yawanci ya dace da ƙaramin ƙarfi da matsakaici.

Transformer na gaba yana da kyau, babu ajiyar makamashi, amma saboda inductance mai haɓakawa shine ƙima mai iyaka, ƙarfin halin yanzu yana sa ainihin zai zama babba, don guje wa jikewar juyi, injin na'urar yana buƙatar iska mai ƙarfi don sake saita juyi.

Ana iya ganin transformer na Flyback a matsayin nau'i na inductance guda biyu, inductance na farko na ajiyar makamashi sannan kuma a cire shi, saboda shigar da taransfomar ta baya da ƙarfin wutar lantarki sabanin polarity, don haka lokacin da aka katse bututun, na biyu na iya samar damaganadisu coretare da sake saitin ƙarfin lantarki, don haka taswirar tashi baya buƙatar ƙara ƙarin juyi sake saitin iska.